the atmosphere consist of:
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesophere
- Thermosphere
Troposphere
The Troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the earth’s surface. It is up to 20 kilometers high at equator and about 10 kilometers, at the poles. It is the weather layer. Feathery ice clouds form 6 to 12 kilometers above sea level. At 2 kilometers above sea level, rain bearing clouds such as nimbostratus and cumulonimbus occur.
Stratosphere
The Stratosphere sits 20 to 50 kilometers above the surface. The O-Zone layer. Earth’s prime absorber of ultraviolet light is within the lower stratosphere. Air in the stratosphere is so thin and cold that very little moisture is available for clouds to form. The only type of cloud found here is the nacreous or mother-of-pearl cloud. Nacreous clouds, which form close to the poles and above mountains ranges, filter sunlight in a way that gives them a luminous spectrum of color.
Mesophere
The Mesosphere extends 50 to 85 kilometers above earth’s surface. Meteors burn up at this level. Clouds are rarely found in this layer. Noctilucent clouds are the sole exemptions. These clouds can only be seen on a clear summer’s night.
Thermosphere
The Thermosphere, with its dancing lights or aurora, extends beyond 80 kilometers high. Auroras are best seen at the poles. They occur when solar storms pass the earth. Air in the thermosphere is so thin that one molecule could travel over 30 kilometers before crashing into another! Temperatures can soar up to 1800°C.
the warming of earth comes about when,
Northern region are warm bu the heat transported in oceans. this ocean circulatedby cold dense water in far north. about 128000 years ago, fresh water keep flowing into North Alantic make surface water less dense. without northward transportation, air become colder for more than 1,000 years. this period known as Younger Dryans sent the northern henisphere back into the condition almost like the last ice age. warmth treturn 11600 years later. within less than a decade,the ice sea melt, then Northern Ocean circulatuion re-establish itself.

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